The ideal HME filter for use during general anaesthesia should prevent the passage of viral and bacterial contamination, should supplement humidification of the inspired air and anaesthetic gases and should not increase respiratory work. Users should be aware of performance variation in HMEFs and use a filter suited to the intended application.
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| Bacterial/viral filters | Filters with heat-and moisture exchangers | Heat and moistures exchangers |
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| Catheter mounts | Hme for tracheal tube |